Validation of an HPLC–HR-MS Method for the Determination and Quantification of Six Drugs (Morphine, Codeine, Methadone, Alprazolam, Clonazepam and Quetiapine) in Nails
Author:
Buratti Erika1,
Cippitelli Marta1,
Mietti Gianmario1,
Scendoni Roberto1ORCID,
Froldi Rino1,
Cerioni Alice1,
Cingolani Mariano1
Affiliation:
1. Forensic Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Macerata , via Don Minzoni 9, Macerata 62100, Italy
Abstract
Abstract
Keratinized matrices, including nails, are among the most resistant matrices that can be analyzed in cases where remains are deeply decomposed and relatively non-invasive for living people. In order to exploit these new matrices in the search for exogenous substances, it is necessary to develop analytical technologies capable of achieving high levels of sensitivity. In this technical note, an easy method is presented for the simultaneous extraction and quantification of three narcotic substances (morphine, codeine and methadone), two benzodiazepines (BDZs) (clonazepam and alprazolam) and an antipsychotic (quetiapine) from nail matrix by analysis in ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography at high-resolution mass spectrometry. The method has been validated following the Standard Practices for Method Validation in Forensic Toxicology of the Scientific Working Group for Forensic Toxicology. Nail specimens from eight authentic postmortem (PM) cases and 13 living donor samples were extracted and analyzed. Of the eight PM samples, five resulted positive for at least one of the three substances searched. Ten of the 13 living donor specimens were positive for at least one of the targeted BDZs or quetiapine.
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Chemical Health and Safety,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Toxicology,Environmental Chemistry,Analytical Chemistry