3,6-Epidioxy-1,10-bisaboladiene and sulfasalazine synergistically induce ferroptosis-like cell death in human breast cancer cell lines

Abstract

ABSTRACT 3,6-Epidioxy-1,10-bisaboladiene (EDBD) is an endoperoxide compound isolated from edible wild plants that induces iron-dependent ferroptosis-like cell death in HL-60 cells by decreasing the expression of GPX4 and glutathione. In contrast, sulfasalazine (SSZ), a clinically used anti-inflammatory drug, induces ferroptosis through the system xc−. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effects of these 2 compounds on 3 human breast cancer cell lines (HBC-5, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231). EDBD-induced cell death was relieved by the lipid peroxidation inhibitor ferrostatin-1 and the iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate (DFOM), indicating that EDBD induced ferroptosis-like cell death. Moreover, cotreatment with EDBD and SSZ synergistically induced cell death in all 3 cell lines. Because the cytotoxicity of the cotreatment was inhibited by DFOM and ferrostatin-1, the combination of EDBD and SSZ synergistically induced ferroptosis. Collectively, EDBD enhanced the effects of SSZ as a clinical anti-inflammatory and anticancer drug candidate.