Guiding principles for determining work shift duration and addressing the effects of work shift duration on performance, safety, and health: guidance from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the Sleep Research Society

Author:

Gurubhagavatula Indira12,Barger Laura K34ORCID,Barnes Christopher M5,Basner Mathias6ORCID,Boivin Diane B7,Dawson Drew8ORCID,Drake Christopher L9ORCID,Flynn-Evans Erin E10,Mysliwiec Vincent11ORCID,Patterson P Daniel12,Reid Kathryn J13,Samuels Charles14,Shattuck Nita Lewis15,Kazmi Uzma16,Carandang Gerard16,Heald Jonathan L17,Van Dongen Hans P A1819ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Division of Sleep Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

2. Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA

3. Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

4. Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

5. Department of Management and Organization, Foster School of Business, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

6. Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

7. Centre for Study and Treatment of Circadian Rhythms, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

8. Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Wayville, SA, Australia

9. Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA

10. Fatigue Countermeasures Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA

11. STRONG STAR ORU, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA

12. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

13. Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

14. Centre for Sleep and Human Performance, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

15. Operations Research Department, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA

16. American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Darien, IL, USA

17. Darien, Illinois, USA

18. Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA

19. Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA

Abstract

Abstract Risks associated with fatigue that accumulates during work shifts have historically been managed through working time arrangements that specify fixed maximum durations of work shifts and minimum durations of time off. By themselves, such arrangements are not sufficient to curb risks to performance, safety, and health caused by misalignment between work schedules and the biological regulation of waking alertness and sleep. Science-based approaches for determining shift duration and mitigating associated risks, while addressing operational needs, require: (1) a recognition of the factors contributing to fatigue and fatigue-related risks; (2) an understanding of evidence-based countermeasures that may reduce fatigue and/or fatigue-related risks; and (3) an informed approach to selecting workplace-specific strategies for managing work hours. We propose a series of guiding principles to assist stakeholders with designing a shift duration decision-making process that effectively balances the need to meet operational demands with the need to manage fatigue-related risks.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Physiology (medical),Clinical Neurology

Reference252 articles.

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