Affiliation:
1. School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
2. Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
3. Department of Nutrition, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Subjective social status (SSS) has shown inverse relationships with cardiometabolic risk, but intersectionalities of race/ethnicity and sex may indicate more nuanced relationships.
Purpose
To investigate associations of SSS with cardiometabolic risk markers by race/ethnicity and sex.
Methods
Data were from Wave IV (2008) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 4,847; 24–32 years), which collected biological cardiometabolic risk markers. A 10-step ladder captured SSS; respondents indicated on which step they perceived they stood in relation to other people in the U.S. higher values indicated higher SSS (range: 1–10). We tested the relationship between SSS and individual markers using generalized least square means linear regression models, testing three-way interactions between SSS, race/ethnicity, and sex (p < .10) before stratification.
Results
SSS–race/ethnicity–sex interactions were significantly associated with waist circumference (p ≤ .0001), body mass index (BMI; p ≤ .0001), systolic blood pressure (SBP; p ≤ .0001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; p = .0004), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; p = .07). SSS was associated with waist circumference (β [SE]: −1.2 (0.4), p < .05) and BMI (−0.6 [0.2], p < .01) for non-Hispanic White females, compared with males; with HDL-C among non-Hispanic White (0.2 [0.1]; p < .05) and Hispanic (0.3 (0.1); p < .05) females, compared with males; with SBP for non-Hispanic Asian (1.7 [0.8]; p < .05) and Multiracial (1.8 [0.8]; p < .05), versus White, females; and with DBP for non-Hispanic Black (0.8 [0.3]; p < .01), versus White, males.
Conclusions
SSS was differentially related to cardiometabolic risk markers by race/ethnicity and sex, suggesting intersectional aspects. Clinical and research applications of SSS should consider race/ethnicity- and sex-specific pathways influencing cardiometabolic risk.
Funder
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
Ruth L. Kirschstein Institutional Training Grant Postdoctoral Fellowship
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Mentored Career Development Award
NIH-NIDDK
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholestero lnstitutional grant
NHLBI Mentored Career Development Award
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Psychiatry and Mental health,General Psychology
Cited by
4 articles.
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