1. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
2. Michigan Integrated Center for Health Analytics and Medical Prediction, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
3. Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
4. Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
5. Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
6. VA Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
7. Department of Radiology, VA Ann Arbor Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA