The role of between-group signaling in the evolution of primate ornamentation

Author:

Grueter Cyril C1234ORCID,Lüpold Stefan5

Affiliation:

1. Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia , Perth, WA , Australia

2. International Centre of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation, Dali University , Dali , China

3. Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia , Perth, WA , Australia

4. Centre of Excellence in Biodiversity and Natural Resource Management, University of Rwanda , Huye , Rwanda

5. Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland

Abstract

Abstract Gregarious mammals interact to varying degrees and in a variety of ways with neighboring groups. Since navigating this wider social environment via conventional means (social knowledge) may be challenging, we hypothesize that between-group socio-spatial dynamics have exerted strong selection on phenotypic markers of individual identity, quality, and competitive ability. Ornaments are sexually selected decorative traits with far-reaching signaling potential. Here, we examined the links between sexual dimorphism in ornamentation, home range use and encounter rates across 144 primate species in a Bayesian framework. We show that home range overlap (shared space among neighbors), an indicator of the complexity of between-group interactions (but not necessarily male-male competition), is positively associated with dimorphism in ornamentation. We find no clear effect for between-group encounter rates. We also find that inter-group interactions were less agonistic when there was greater home range overlap. Taken together, these findings indicate that ornaments play a hitherto underappreciated role in signaling to conspecifics outside the realms of their home groups.

Funder

Swiss National Science Foundation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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5. Experimental evidence for limited vocal recognition in a wild primate: Implications for the social complexity hypothesis;Bergman;Proceedings Biological Sciences,2010

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