Neurovascular Unit: Basic and Clinical Imaging with Emphasis on Advantages of Ferumoxytol

Author:

Netto Joao Prola12,Iliff Jeffrey3,Stanimirovic Danica4,Krohn Kenneth A56,Hamilton Bronwyn2,Varallyay Csanad16,Gahramanov Seymur7,Daldrup-Link Heike8,d’Esterre Christopher9,Zlokovic Berislav10,Sair Haris11,Lee Yueh12,Taheri Saeid13,Jain Rajan14,Panigrahy Ashok15,Reich Daniel S16,Drewes Lester R17,Castillo Mauricio12,Neuwelt Edward A11819

Affiliation:

1. Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon

2. Department of Neuroradiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon

3. Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon

4. Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

5. Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

6. Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon

7. Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico

8. Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California

9. Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Center, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

10. Zikha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California

11. Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland

12. Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

13. Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina

14. Department of Radiology and Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York

15. Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

16. Translational Neuroradiology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland

17. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota

18. Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon

19. Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon

Abstract

Abstract Physiological and pathological processes that increase or decrease the central nervous system's need for nutrients and oxygen via changes in local blood supply act primarily at the level of the neurovascular unit (NVU). The NVU consists of endothelial cells, associated blood–brain barrier tight junctions, basal lamina, pericytes, and parenchymal cells, including astrocytes, neurons, and interneurons. Knowledge of the NVU is essential for interpretation of central nervous system physiology and pathology as revealed by conventional and advanced imaging techniques. This article reviews current strategies for interrogating the NVU, focusing on vascular permeability, blood volume, and functional imaging, as assessed by ferumoxytol an iron oxide nanoparticle.

Publisher

Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Subject

Clinical Neurology,Surgery

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