Identification of optimal reference genes for transcriptomic analyses in normal and diseased human heart

Author:

Molina Cristina E123,Jacquet Eric4,Ponien Prishila4,Muñoz-Guijosa Christian5,Baczkó Istvan6,Maier Lars S7,Donzeau-Gouge Patrick8,Dobrev Dobromir9,Fischmeister Rodolphe1,Garnier Anne1

Affiliation:

1. Inserm, UMR-S 1180, University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France;

2. Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany;

3. German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Germany;

4. Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, CNRS, University of Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France;

5. Cardiac Surgery Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Spain;

6. Department Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Hungary;

7. Department Internal Medicine II, University Heart Center, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany;

8. Institut Hospitalier Jacques Cartier, F-91300 Massy, France;

9. West German Heart and Vascular Center, Institute of Pharmacology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

Abstract

Abstract Aims Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) has become the method of choice for mRNA quantification, but requires an accurate normalization based on the use of reference genes showing invariant expression across various pathological conditions. Only few data exist on appropriate reference genes for the human heart. The objective of this study was to determine a set of suitable reference genes in human atrial and ventricular tissues, from right and left cavities in control and in cardiac diseases. Methods and results We assessed the expression of 16 reference genes (ACTB, B2M, GAPDH, GUSB, HMBS, HPRT1, IPO8, PGK1, POLR2A, PPIA, RPLP0, TBP, TFRC, UBC, YWHAZ, 18S) in tissues from: right and left ventricles from healthy controls and heart failure (HF) patients; right-atrial tissue from patients in sinus rhythm with (SRd) or without (SRnd) atrial dilatation, patients with paroxysmal (pAF) or chronic (cAF) atrial fibrillation or with HF; and left-atrial tissue from patients in SR or cAF. Consensual analysis (by geNorm and Normfinder algorithms, BestKeeper software tool and comparative delta-Ct method) of the variability scores obtained for each reference gene expression shows that the most stably expressed genes are: GAPDH, GUSB, IPO8, POLR2A, and YWHAZ when comparing either right and left ventricle or ventricle from healthy controls and HF patients; GAPDH, IPO8, POLR2A, PPIA, and RPLP0 when comparing either right and left atrium or right atria from all pathological groups. ACTB, TBP, TFRC, and 18S genes were identified as the least stable. Conclusions The overall most stable reference genes across different heart cavities and disease conditions were GAPDH, IPO8, POLR2A and PPIA. YWHAZ or GUSB could be added to this set for some specific experiments. This study should provide useful guidelines for reference gene selection in RT-qPCR studies in human heart.

Funder

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Physiology (medical),Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine,Physiology

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