Phage satellites and their emerging applications in biotechnology

Author:

Ibarra-Chávez Rodrigo1ORCID,Hansen Mads Frederik12ORCID,Pinilla-Redondo Rafael1ORCID,Seed Kimberley D34ORCID,Trivedi Urvish1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark

2. Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany

3. Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California , Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

4. Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA

Abstract

ABSTRACT The arms race between (bacterio)phages and their hosts is a recognised hot spot for genome evolution. Indeed, phages and their components have historically paved the way for many molecular biology techniques and biotech applications. Further exploration into their complex lifestyles has revealed that phages are often parasitised by distinct types of hyperparasitic mobile genetic elements. These so-called phage satellites exploit phages to ensure their own propagation and horizontal transfer into new bacterial hosts, and their prevalence and peculiar lifestyle has caught the attention of many researchers. Here, we review the parasite–host dynamics of the known phage satellites, their genomic organisation and their hijacking mechanisms. Finally, we discuss how these elements can be repurposed for diverse biotech applications, kindling a new catalogue of exciting tools for microbiology and synthetic biology.

Funder

Villum Fonden

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Burroughs Wellcome Fund

Independent Research Fund Denmark

Novo Nordisk Foundation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Microbiology

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