Reproductive outcomes of women aged 40 and older undergoing IVF with donor sperm

Abstract

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Do women ≥40 years old without a male partner who utilize donor sperm have the same reproductive outcomes as those who utilize their partner’s sperm? SUMMARY ANSWER After controlling for relevant confounders, women ≥40 years old using donor sperm for IVF have significantly higher odds of having a live birth compared to those utilizing their partner’s sperm. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Women who are unpartnered or in same-sex relationships are by definition not infertile, but may choose to conceive using donor sperm. It is not known how IVF outcomes are affected with the use of donor sperm compared to women utilizing their partner’s sperm, particularly at very advanced maternal ages. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at a university-affiliated center of women undergoing IVF with fresh embryo transfer between 2008 and 2018. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Patients were divided into two groups based on the ejaculated sperm source utilized: donor or partner sperm. Live birth rate was the primary outcome. Pregnancy rate was the secondary outcome. Multivariable logistic regression was performed and adjusted for age, the developmental stage of the embryo, and the number of embryos transferred. Unadjusted odds ratio (OR) and adjusted OR (aOR) with 95% CI for pregnancy and live birth were estimated. Statistical significance was denoted by P < 0.05. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 3910 cycles in women ≥40 years old were analyzed, of which 307 utilized donor sperm and 3603 utilized their partner’s sperm to conceive. In the univariate analysis, patients utilizing donor sperm were found to have similar pregnancy rates as those utilizing partner sperm (41.0 vs 39.8%, OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.75–1.20). After adjusting for age, the number of embryos transferred and the developmental stage of the embryos, the model estimates did not vary (aOR: 1.22, 95% CI: 0.95–1.56). Similarly, the univariate analysis for live birth did not demonstrate a difference between groups (19.2 vs 17.8%, OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.67–1.22). However, after a similar adjustment was made for confounders, the use of donor sperm was associated with statistically significant increased odds of live birth (aOR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.01–1.88). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION As with any retrospective study, the potential for residual confounding exists, despite attempts to control for this with regression modeling. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Women ≥40 years old who are unpartnered or in same-sex relationships can be counseled that their odds of a live birth are slightly better than women in heterosexual relationships utilizing their partner’s sperm. These findings serve to further refine and individualize counseling on the expected IVF outcomes for women in this population. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No funding was sought for this study. The authors declare no competing interests. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.