Standards in semen examination: publishing reproducible and reliable data based on high-quality methodology

Author:

Björndahl Lars1ORCID,Barratt Christopher L R2ORCID,Mortimer David3ORCID,Agarwal Ashok4ORCID,Aitken Robert J5ORCID,Alvarez Juan G67ORCID,Aneck-Hahn Natalie8ORCID,Arver Stefan1ORCID,Baldi Elisabetta9ORCID,Bassas Lluís10ORCID,Boitrelle Florence1112ORCID,Bornman Riana13ORCID,Carrell Douglas T1415ORCID,Castilla José A1617ORCID,Cerezo Parra Gerardo18ORCID,Check Jerome H1920ORCID,Cuasnicu Patricia S21ORCID,Darney Sally Perreault2223ORCID,de Jager Christiaan24ORCID,De Jonge Christopher J25ORCID,Drevet Joël R26ORCID,Drobnis Erma Z27ORCID,Du Plessis Stefan S28ORCID,Eisenberg Michael L2930ORCID,Esteves Sandro C313233ORCID,Evgeni Evangelini A3435ORCID,Ferlin Alberto36ORCID,Garrido Nicolas37ORCID,Giwercman Aleksander38ORCID,Goovaerts Ilse G F39ORCID,Haugen Trine B40ORCID,Henkel Ralf4142ORCID,Henningsohn Lars4344ORCID,Hofmann Marie-Claude45ORCID,Hotaling James M46ORCID,Jedrzejczak Piotr47ORCID,Jouannet Pierre48ORCID,Jørgensen Niels4950ORCID,Kirkman Brown Jackson C515253ORCID,Krausz Csilla54ORCID,Kurpisz Maciej55ORCID,Kvist Ulrik1ORCID,Lamb Dolores J56ORCID,Levine Hagai57ORCID,Loveland Kate L58ORCID,McLachlan Robert I59ORCID,Mahran Ali6061ORCID,Maree Liana42ORCID,Martins da Silva Sarah2ORCID,Mbizvo Michael T62ORCID,Meinhardt Andreas63ORCID,Menkveld Roelof64ORCID,Mortimer Sharon T365ORCID,Moskovtsev Sergey6667ORCID,Muller Charles H68ORCID,Munuce Maria José69ORCID,Muratori Monica54ORCID,Niederberger Craig7071ORCID,O’Flaherty Cristian72ORCID,Oliva Rafael7374ORCID,Ombelet Willem7576ORCID,Pacey Allan A7778ORCID,Palladino Michael A79ORCID,Ramasamy Ranjith80ORCID,Ramos Liliana81ORCID,Rives Nathalie82ORCID,Roldan Eduardo Rs83ORCID,Rothmann Susan84ORCID,Sakkas Denny85ORCID,Salonia Andrea8687ORCID,Sánchez-Pozo Maria Cristina88ORCID,Sapiro Rosanna89ORCID,Schlatt Stefan90ORCID,Schlegel Peter N91ORCID,Schuppe Hans-Christian92ORCID,Shah Rupin93ORCID,Skakkebæk Niels E49ORCID,Teerds Katja94ORCID,Toskin Igor95ORCID,Tournaye Herman96ORCID,Turek Paul J97ORCID,van der Horst Gerhard9899100ORCID,Vazquez-Levin Monica101ORCID,Wang Christina102103ORCID,Wetzels Alex104ORCID,Zeginiadou Theodosia105106ORCID,Zini Armand107ORCID

Affiliation:

1. ANOVA, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden

2. Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee , Dundee, UK

3. Oozoa Biomedical Inc. , West Vancouver, BC, Canada

4. Case Western Reserve University , Moreland Hills, OH, USA

5. Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Faculty of Science and Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle , Callaghan, NSW, Australia

6. Centro Androgen , La Coruña, Spain

7. Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA

8. Department of Urology, University of Pretoria , Pretoria, South Africa

9. Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence , Florence, Tuscany, Italia

10. Andrology Department, Laboratory of Andrology and Sperm Bank, Fundació Puigvert , Barcelona, Spain

11. Department of Reproductive Biology, Fertility Preservation, Andrology, CECOS, Poissy Hospital , Poissy, France

12. Paris Saclay University, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED , Jouy-en-Josas, France

13. School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria , Pretoria, South Africa

14. Andrology and IVF Laboratory, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, UT, USA

15. Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, UT, USA

16. GAMETIA Biobank , Granada, Spain

17. Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA , Granada, Spain

18. LAFER Sperm Bank, Tuxpan 10-606, Roma Sur, C.P. 06760, Cuauhtémoc , Mexico City, Mexico

19. Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Camden, The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey , Camden, NJ, USA

20. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Cooper Hospital/University Medical Center , Melrose Park, PA, USA

21. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IbyME-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires , Buenos Aires, Argentina

22. US EPA , Cary, NC, USA

23. US NIH , Cary, NC, USA

24. Faculty of Health Science, University of Pretoria , Pretoria, South Africa

25. University of Minnesota Medical Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN, USA

26. Université Clermont Auvergne/CNRS/INSERM-GreD Institute , Clermont-Ferrand, France

27. School of Medicine, University of Missouri , Columbia, MI, USA

28. College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences , Dubai, United Arab Emirates

29. Male Reproductive Medicine and Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA

30. Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA, USA

31. ANDROFERT, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic , Campinas, Brazil

32. Department of Surgery (Division of Urology), University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas, Brazil

33. Faculty of Health, Aarhus University , Aarhus C, Denmark

34. CRYOGONIA Cryopreservation Bank , Athens, Greece

35. Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace , Greece

36. Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Padova , Padova, Italia

37. IVI Foundation, Health Research Institute La Fe , Valencia, Spain

38. Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University , Malmö, Sweden

39. Antwerp University Hospital , Edegem, Belgium

40. Department of Life Sciences and Health, Oslo Metropolitan University , Oslo, Norway

41. Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London , London, UK

42. Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape , Bellville, South Africa

43. Division of Urology, Department of CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden

44. Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm, Sweden

45. Department of Endocrine Neoplasia & Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA

46. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City, UT, USA

47. Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Science , Poznan, Poland

48. Université Paris Descartes , Paris, France

49. Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen, Denmark

50. International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen, Denmark

51. Centre for Human Reproductive Science (ChRS) , UK

52. College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham , UK

53. Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust , UK

54. Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence , Florence, Italy

55. Department of Reproductive Biology and Stem Cells, Institutet of Human Genetics , Poznan, Poland

56. Brady Department of Urology, Center for Reproductive Genomics and Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University , New York, NY, USA

57. Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, The Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem, Israel

58. Hudson Institute, Centre for Reproductive Health, Monash University , Clayton, VIC, Australia

59. Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Monash University , Clayton, VIC, Australia

60. Dermatology and Andrology Department, Assiut University Hospital , Assiut, Egypt

61. Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University , Assiut, Egypt

62. Country Director, Population Council (International Programs)

63. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen , Giessen, Germany

64. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg, South Africa

65. Division of REI, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada

66. Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON, Canada

67. CreATe Fertility Centre , Toronto, ON, Canada

68. Male Fertility Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, WA, USA

69. Laboratorio de Medicina Reproductiva, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario , Argentina

70. Department of Urology, UIC College of Medicine , IL, USA

71. Department of Bioengineering, UIC College of Engineering , IL, USA

72. Department of Surgery (Urology Division), McGill University , Montréal, QC, Canada

73. Molecular Biology of Reproduction and Development Group, Biomedical Research Institute August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain

74. Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain

75. Genk Institute for Fertility Technology , Genk, Belgium

76. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ZOL Hospitals and Hasselt University , Genk, Belgium

77. Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield , Sheffield, UK

78. Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield , Sheffield, UK

79. Bloomfield College , Bloomfield, NJ, USA

80. Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, FL, USA

81. Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecologie, Radboud UMC , Nijmegen, The Netherlands

82. Service Laboratoire de Biologie de la Reproduction-CECOS, Equipe Physiopathologie Surrénalienne et Gonadique, Unité Inserm 1239 NorDic, CHU-Hôpitaux de Rouen, UFR Santé—Université de Rouen , Rouen, France

83. Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC) , Madrid, Spain

84. Fertility Solutions Inc. , Warrensville Heights, OH, USA

85. Boston IVF , Boston, MA, USA

86. University Vita-Salute San Raffaele , Milan, Italy

87. Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele , Milan, Italy

88. Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital , Seville, Spain

89. Depto de Histologia y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina , Gral. Flores, Uruguay

90. Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology , Münster, Germany

91. Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY, USA

92. Section of Andrology, Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology & Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University/University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg , Giessen, Germany

93. Lilavati Hospital & Research Centre , Mumbai, India

94. Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University , Wageningen, The Netherlands

95. WHO Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research (includes the UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction—HRP) , Geneva, Switzerland

96. Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels, Belgium

97. The Turek Clinic , San Francisco, CA, USA

98. Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape , Bellville, South Africa

99. Physiology Medical School, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch, South Africa

100. Department of Animal Science, Stellenbosch University , Stellenbosch, South Africa

101. IBYME, CONICET-FIBYME , Buenos Aires, Argentina

102. Clinical and Translational Science Institute, The Lundquist Institute, Torrance , CA, USA

103. Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance , CA, USA

104. Fertility Laboratory, Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen, The Netherlands

105. Thessaloniki Andrology Laboratory—Hellenic Sperm Bank , Thessaloniki, Greece

106. Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Athens , Athens, Greece

107. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, St Mary's Hospital, McGill University , Montreal, Canada

Abstract

Abstract Biomedical science is rapidly developing in terms of more transparency, openness and reproducibility of scientific publications. This is even more important for all studies that are based on results from basic semen examination. Recently two concordant documents have been published: the 6th edition of the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen, and the International Standard ISO 23162:2021. With these tools, we propose that authors should be instructed to follow these laboratory methods in order to publish studies in peer-reviewed journals, preferable by using a checklist as suggested in an Appendix to this article.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Obstetrics and Gynecology,Rehabilitation,Reproductive Medicine

Reference17 articles.

1. Empower with evidence;Amara;Science,2022

2. ESHRE special interest group for andrology basic semen analysis course: a continued focus on accuracy, quality, efficiency and clinical relevance;Barratt;Hum Reprod,2011

3. Drug development: raise standards for preclinical cancer research;Begley;Nature,2012

4. ESHRE basic semen analysis courses 1995–1999: immediate beneficial effects of standardized training;Björndahl;Hum Reprod,2002

5. ‘How to count sperm properly’: checklist for acceptability of studies based on human semen analysis;Björndahl;Hum Reprod,2016

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