AGPs as molecular determinants of reproductive development

Author:

Lopes Ana Lúcia12,Moreira Diana13,Pereira Ana Marta13,Ferraz Ricardo13,Mendes Sara13,Pereira Luís Gustavo14,Colombo Lucia5ORCID,Coimbra Sílvia13

Affiliation:

1. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal

2. Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute – BioISI , Porto , Portugal

3. LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto , Portugal

4. GreenUPorto Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto , Portugal

5. Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano , Milano , Italy

Abstract

Abstract Background and Aims Morphogenesis occurs through accurate interaction between essential players to generate highly specialized plant organs. Fruit structure and function are triggered by a neat transcriptional control involving distinct regulator genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) or signalling proteins, such as the C2H2/C2HC zinc-finger NO TRANSMITTING TRACT (NTT) or the MADS-box protein SEEDSTICK (STK), which are important in setting plant reproductive competence, feasibly by affecting cell wall polysaccharide and lipid distribution. Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are major components of the cell wall and are thought to be involved in the reproductive process as important players in specific stages of development. The detection of AGPs epitopes in reproductive tissues of NTT and other fruit development-related TFs, such as MADS-box proteins including SHATTERPROOF1 (SHP1), SHP2 and STK, was the focus of this study. Methods We used fluorescence microscopy to perform immunolocalization analyses on stk and ntt single mutants, on the ntt stk double mutant and on the stk shp1 shp2 triple mutant using specific anti-AGP monoclonal antibodies. In these mutants, the expression levels of selected AGP genes were also measured by quantitative real-time PCR and compared with the respective expression in wild-type (WT) plants. Key Results The present immunolocalization study collects information on the distribution patterns of specific AGPs in Arabidopsis female reproductive tissues, complemented by the quantification of AGP expression levels, comparing WT, stk and ntt single mutants, the ntt stk double mutant and the stk shp1 shp2 triple mutant. Conclusions These findings reveal distinct AGP distribution patterns in different developmental mutants related to the female reproductive unit in Arabidopsis. The value of the immunofluorescence labelling technique is highlighted in this study as an invaluable tool to dissect the remodelling nature of the cell wall in developmental processes.

Funder

Foundation for Science and Technology

Strategic Funding of GreenUPorto

Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry

MCTES

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Plant Science

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