Global change impacts on cacti (Cactaceae): current threats, challenges and conservation solutions

Author:

Hultine Kevin R1,Hernández-Hernández Tania1,Williams David G2,Albeke Shannon E3,Tran Newton4,Puente Raul1,Larios Eugenio5

Affiliation:

1. Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden , Phoenix, AZ 85008 , USA

2. Department of Botany, University of Wyoming , Laramie, WY 82071 , USA

3. Wyoming Geographic Information Science Center, University of Wyoming , Laramie, WY 82071 , USA

4. Center of Tree Science, Morton Arboretum , Lisle, IL 60532 , USA

5. Programa Educativo de Licenciado en Ecología, Universidad Estatal de Sonora , Hermosillo, Sonora 83100 , México

Abstract

Abstract Background The plant family Cactaceae provides some of the most striking examples of adaptive evolution, expressing undeniably the most spectacular New World radiation of succulent plants distributed across arid and semi-arid regions of the Americas. Cacti are widely regarded for their cultural, economic and ecological value, yet they are also recognized as one of the most threatened and endangered taxonomic groups on the planet. Scope This paper reviews current threats to species of cacti that have distributions in arid to semi-arid subtropical regions. Our review focuses primarily on four global change forces: (1) increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations; (2) increases in mean annual temperatures and heat waves; (3) increases in the duration, frequency and intensity of droughts; and (4) and increases in competition and wildfire frequency from invasion by non-native species. We provide a broad range of potential priorities and solutions for stemming the extinction risk of cacti species and populations. Conclusions Mitigating ongoing and emerging threats to cacti will require not only strong policy initiatives and international cooperation, but also new and creative approaches to conservation. These approaches include determining species at risk from climate extremes, enhancing habitat quality after disturbance, approaches and opportunities for ex situ conservation and restoration, and the potential use of forensic tools for identifying plants that have been removed illegally from the wild and sold on open markets.

Funder

Wyoming NASA Space Grant Consortium

Binational Consortium for Regional Scientific Development and Innovation

National Council for Science and Technology, Mexico

University of Arizona’s Agnese Nelms Haury Program in Environment and Social Justice

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Plant Science

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