Molecular phylogeny of Urvillea (Paullinieae, Sapindaceae) and its implications in stem vascular diversity

Author:

Cunha Neto Israel L1ORCID,Rizzieri Yanã C1,Cabanillas Pablo A2,Martins Fabiano M3,Marques Natália F4,Somner Genise V5,Acevedo-Rodríguez Pedro6,Onyenedum Joyce G1

Affiliation:

1. School of Integrative Plant Sciences and L. H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853 , USA

2. Cátedra de Dendrología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , Diagonal 113 No. 469 esquina 117, CP 1900, La Plata , Argentina

3. Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias , Ambientais e Biológicas, CP 44380-000, Cruz das Almas, BA , Brazil

4. Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) , Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040, s.n. Rio de Janeiro, RJ , Brazil

5. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Botânica , CP 74582, 23851-970 Rio de Janeiro, RJ , Brazil

6. Department of Botany, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History , 10th Street and Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20560 , USA

Abstract

Abstract Background and Aims The tribe Paullinieae has the highest diversity of vascular variants among the seed plants. The developmental diversity is better understood in the species-rich genera Paullinia and Serjania; however, the phylogeny and diversity of vascular variants in the smaller genera of Paullinieae remain understudied. Here we investigate the evolution of development of stem vasculatures in the small genus Urvillea. Methods We generate the first molecular phylogeny of Urvillea derived from 11 markers using a maximum likelihood and Bayesian approach. In combination with phylogenetic reconstruction, stochastic character mapping is used to assess evolutionary changes in stem ontogenies, determined from developmental anatomy of stems collected in the field or from herbarium and wood collections. Key Results Urvillea is supported as a monophyletic group and sister to Serjania. There are five stem ontogenies in Urvillea, including typical growth and four different vascular variants. Most stem ontogenies initiate with lobed stems in primary growth. Lobed stems in secondary growth are ancestral in Urvillea, but this ontogeny was lost multiple times. A reversal to typical growth occurred in non-climbing species. Phloem wedges, fissured stems, and ectopic cambia each evolved once independently. Phloem wedges is an intermediate developmental stage in the formation of fissured stems, which is characterized by a continuous fragmentation of vascular tissues. Lobed stems may generate constriction zones and lobes may split or not. Conclusions Urvillea is the third most diverse genus (after Serjania and Paullinia) with respect to the number of vascular variants within Paullinieae. One ontogeny (fissured stems) is exclusive to the genus. Differential cambial activity and ectopic cambia are the main ontogenetic processes generating stem diversity. The evolutionary history of vascular variants demonstrates the large developmental plasticity of the cambium in such a small genus and further demonstrates that complex anatomies have repeatedly evolved within Paullinieae lianas.

Funder

Cornell University

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Plant Science

Reference81 articles.

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2. Generic relationships and classification of tribe Paullinieae (Sapindaceae) with a new concept of supertribe Paulliniodae;Acevedo-Rodríguez;Systematic Botany,2017

3. Morphological and anatomical characteristics of Mertensia maritima (L.) S.F. Gray supralittoral of the White Sea and Russian Far East coast;Alyonkin;Wulfenia,2020

4. An overview of the anatomy, development and evolution of the vascular system of lianas;Angyalossy;Plant Ecology and Diversity,2012

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