Modern universal standardised trends in worker and public exposure monitoring and control in 21st century by Sohrabi URPS-based hypothesis

Abstract

Abstract The Universal Radiation Protection System (URPS) was recently hypothesised by Sohrabi in order to address the many deficiencies of current radiation protection system. The ICRP system is currently practiced worldwide based on the linear no-threshold (LNT) model with no supporting health risk data at low effective doses. The ICRP only considers worker occupational doses and sets dose limits only on one portion of doses a worker or public receives. The URPS hypothesis equals human heath-effect risks per unit dose either from natural or man-made sources; formulates dose limits on all integrated doses an individual receives; considers worker also a member of public; conserves ‘cause-effect principle’ for epidemiology risk estimation; introduces dose fractionation concept in radiation protection; introduces the ‘URPS Model’ for bridging LNT, hormesis and threshold models; recommends establishing ‘National Patient Dose Registering System’; and defines modified/new exposure terms and definitions commensurate with URPS hypothesis, as advanced since 2014.