Enzymatic machinery of wood-inhabiting fungi that degrade temperate tree species

Author:

Kipping Lydia123,Jehmlich Nico1,Moll Julia4,Noll Matthias235,Gossner Martin M67,Van Den Bossche Tim89,Edelmann Pascal10,Borken Werner5,Hofrichter Martin11,Kellner Harald11

Affiliation:

1. Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ GmbH Department of Molecular Toxicology, , 04318 Leipzig, Germany

2. Institute for Bioanalysis , , 96450 Coburg, Germany

3. University of Applied Sciences Coburg , , 96450 Coburg, Germany

4. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ GmbH Department of Soil Ecology, , 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany

5. Department of Soil Ecology, University of Bayreuth , 95448 Bayreuth, Germany

6. Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Forest Entomology, , 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland

7. Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zürich Department of Environmental Systems Science, , 8092 Zürich, Switzerland

8. VIB—UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB , 9052 Ghent, Belgium

9. Ghent University Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, , 9052 Ghent, Belgium

10. Center of School of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, TU München Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, , 85354 Freising, Germany

11. International Institute Zittau, TU Dresden Department of Bio- and Environmental Sciences, , 02763 Zittau, Germany

Abstract

Abstract Deadwood provides habitat for fungi and serves diverse ecological functions in forests. We already have profound knowledge of fungal assembly processes, physiological and enzymatic activities, and resulting physico-chemical changes during deadwood decay. However, in situ detection and identification methods, fungal origins, and a mechanistic understanding of the main lignocellulolytic enzymes are lacking. This study used metaproteomics to detect the main extracellular lignocellulolytic enzymes in 12 tree species in a temperate forest that have decomposed for 8 ½ years. Mainly white-rot (and few brown-rot) Basidiomycota were identified as the main wood decomposers, with Armillaria as the dominant genus; additionally, several soft-rot xylariaceous Ascomycota were identified. The key enzymes involved in lignocellulolysis included manganese peroxidase, peroxide-producing alcohol oxidases, laccase, diverse glycoside hydrolases (cellulase, glucosidase, xylanase), esterases, and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases. The fungal community and enzyme composition differed among the 12 tree species. Ascomycota species were more prevalent in angiosperm logs than in gymnosperm logs. Regarding lignocellulolysis as a function, the extracellular enzyme toolbox acted simultaneously and was interrelated (e.g. peroxidases and peroxide-producing enzymes were strongly correlated), highly functionally redundant, and present in all logs. In summary, our in situ study provides comprehensive and detailed insight into the enzymatic machinery of wood-inhabiting fungi in temperate tree species. These findings will allow us to relate changes in environmental factors to lignocellulolysis as an ecosystem function in the future.

Funder

DFG Priority Program 1374 “Biodiversity- Exploratories”

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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