Microbial eukaryotic predation pressure and biomass at deep-sea hydrothermal vents

Author:

Hu Sarah K12,Anderson Rika E3,Pachiadaki Maria G4,Edgcomb Virginia P5,Serres Margrethe H2,Sylva Sean P2,German Christopher R5,Seewald Jeffrey S2,Lang Susan Q5,Huber Julie A2

Affiliation:

1. Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station , TX 77843 , United States

2. Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution , Woods Hole, MA 02543 , United States

3. Biology Department, Carleton College , Northfield, MN 55057 , United States

4. Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution , Woods Hole, MA 02543 , United States

5. Department of Geology & Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution , Woods Hole, MA 02543 , United States

Abstract

Abstract Deep-sea hydrothermal vent geochemistry shapes the foundation of the microbial food web by fueling chemolithoautotrophic microbial activity. Microbial eukaryotes (or protists) play a critical role in hydrothermal vent food webs as consumers and hosts of symbiotic bacteria, and as a nutritional source to higher trophic levels. We measured microbial eukaryotic cell abundance and predation pressure in low-temperature diffuse hydrothermal fluids at the Von Damm and Piccard vent fields along the Mid-Cayman Rise in the Western Caribbean Sea. We present findings from experiments performed under in situ pressure that show cell abundances and grazing rates higher than those done at 1 atmosphere (shipboard ambient pressure); this trend was attributed to the impact of depressurization on cell integrity. A relationship between the protistan grazing rate, prey cell abundance, and temperature of end-member hydrothermal vent fluid was observed at both vent fields, regardless of experimental approach. Our results show substantial protistan biomass at hydrothermally fueled microbial food webs, and when coupled with improved grazing estimates, suggest an important contribution of grazers to the local carbon export and supply of nutrient resources to the deep ocean.

Funder

National Science Foundation

Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations

C-DEBI Postdoctoral Fellowship

Charles E. Hollister Endowed Fund for Support of Innovative Research at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

NASA Planetary Science and Technology Through Analog Research

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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