Value of a 21-gene expression assay on core biopsy to predict neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Abstract Background A recurrence score based on a 21-gene expression assay predicts the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer. This systematic review aimed to determine whether the 21-gene expression assay performed on core biopsy at diagnosis predicted pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods The study was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Relevant databases were searched to identify studies assessing the value of the 21-gene expression assay recurrence score in predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the studies. Results are reported as risk ratio (RR) with 95 per cent confidence interval using the Cochrane–Mantel–Haenszel method for meta-analysis. Sensitivity analyses were carried out where appropriate. Results Seven studies involving 1744 patients reported the correlation between pretreatment recurrence score and pCR. Of these, 777 patients (44.6 per cent) had a high recurrence score and 967 (55.4 per cent) a low–intermediate score. A pCR was achieved in 94 patients (5.4 per cent). The pCR rate was significantly higher in the group with a high recurrence score than in the group with a low–intermediate score (10.9 versus 1.1 per cent; RR 4.47, 95 per cent c.i. 2.76 to 7.21; P < 0.001). A significant risk difference was observed between the two groups (risk difference 0.10, 0.04 to 0.15; P = 0.001). Conclusion A high recurrence score is associated with higher pCR rates and a low–intermediate recurrence score may indicate chemoresistance. Routine assessment of recurrence score by the 21-gene expression assay on core biopsy might be of value when considering neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer.