Heterocyte production, gene expression, and phylogeography in Raphidiopsis (=Cylindrospermopsis) raciborskii

Author:

Marques Laísa Corrêa Braga1,Lima Joni Esrom2,Pimentel Juliana da Silva Martins3,Giani Alessandra1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Botany, Phycology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

2. Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

3. Biology and Biomedicine, Pitagoras Faculty, 30180-101 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

Abstract

Abstract Raphidiopsis (=Cylindrospermopsis) raciborskii was described as a subtropical-tropical cyanobacterium, later reported expanding into temperate regions. Heterocyte presence used to distinguish Cylindrospermopsis from the very similar Raphidiopsis, but recently the two genera were recognized as one and unified. This study aimed to investigate how heterocyte production is related to nitrogen (N) limitation in heterocytous and non-heterocytous strains of R.raciborskii. High N-concentrations did not inhibit heterocyte development in some strains, while prolonged N-starvation periods never stimulated production in others. RT-qPCR was used to examine the genetic background, through the expression patterns of nifH, ntcA and hetR. While gene expression increased under N-restriction, N-sufficiency did not suppress nifH transcripts as previously observed in other diazotrophyc cyanobacteria, suggesting that heterocyte production in R. raciborskii is not regulated by N-availability. Heterocytous and non-heterocytous strains were genotypically characterized to assess their phylogenetic relationships. In the phylogenetic tree, clusters were intermixed and confirmed Raphidiopsis and Cylindrospermopsis as the same genus. The tree supported previous findings of earlier splitting of American strains, while contesting the African origin hypothesis. The existence of two lines of Chinese strains, with distinct evolutionary patterns, is a significant addition that could lead to new hypotheses of the species biogeography.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Ecology,Microbiology

Reference85 articles.

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