1. School of Dental Sciences, Centre for Oral Health Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4BW, UK
2. Department of Basic Science, College of Dentistry, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq
3. Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex Biosystems (ICOS) research group, School of Computing, Urban Sciences Building, Newcastle University, 1 Science Square, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5TG, UK