Abrupt permafrost thaw triggers activity of copiotrophs and microbiome predators

Author:

Scheel Maria12ORCID,Zervas Athanasios1ORCID,Rijkers Ruud34,Tveit Alexander T5,Ekelund Flemming16,Campuzano Jiménez Francisco1,Christensen Torben R27,Jacobsen Carsten S1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University , Roskilde 4000 , Denmark

2. Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University , Roskilde 4000 , Denmark

3. Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam , 1081 HV Amsterdam , The Netherlands

4. Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden

5. Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromsø , Tromsø 9019 , Norway

6. Department of Biology, Copenhagen University , DK-2200 Copenhagen , Denmark

7. Water, Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu , FI-90014 Oulu , Finland

Abstract

Abstract Permafrost soils store a substantial part of the global soil carbon and nitrogen. However, global warming causes abrupt erosion and gradual thaw, which make these stocks vulnerable to microbial decomposition into greenhouse gases. Here, we investigated the microbial response to abrupt in situ permafrost thaw. We sequenced the total RNA of a 1 m deep soil core consisting of up to 26 500-year-old permafrost material from an active abrupt erosion site. We analysed the microbial community in the active layer soil, the recently thawed, and the intact permafrost, and found maximum RNA:DNA ratios in recently thawed permafrost indicating a high microbial activity. In thawed permafrost, potentially copiotrophic Burkholderiales and Sphingobacteriales, but also microbiome predators dominated the community. Overall, both thaw-dependent and long-term soil properties significantly correlated with changes in community composition, as did microbiome predator abundance. Bacterial predators were dominated in shallower depths by Myxococcota, while protozoa, especially Cercozoa and Ciliophora, almost tripled in relative abundance in thawed layers. Our findings highlight the ecological importance of a diverse interkingdom and active microbial community highly abundant in abruptly thawing permafrost, as well as predation as potential biological control mechanism.

Funder

Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,Ecology,Microbiology

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