Rhizosphere assembly alters along a chronosequence in the Hallstätter glacier forefield (Dachstein, Austria)

Author:

Wicaksono Wisnu Adi1ORCID,Mora Maximilian1,Bickel Samuel1,Berg Christian2,Kühn Ingolf345ORCID,Cernava Tomislav1ORCID,Berg Gabriele167

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology , Graz 8010 , Austria

2. Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz , Graz 8010 , Austria

3. Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ , Halle 06120 , Germany

4. Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle–Wittenberg , Halle 06099 , Germany

5. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle–Jena–Leipzig , Leipzig 04103 , Germany

6. Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy Potsdam (ATB) , Potsdam 14469 , Germany

7. Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam , Potsdam 14469 , Germany

Abstract

Abstract Rhizosphere microbiome assembly is essential for plant health, but the temporal dimension of this process remains unexplored. We used a chronosequence of 150 years of the retreating Hallstätter glacier (Dachstein, Austria) to disentangle this exemplarily for the rhizosphere of three pioneer alpine plants. Time of deglaciation was an important factor shaping the rhizosphere microbiome. Microbiome functions, i.e. nutrient uptake and stress protection, were carried out by ubiquitous and cosmopolitan bacteria. The rhizosphere succession along the chronosequence was characterized by decreasing microbial richness but increasing specificity of the plant-associated bacterial community. Environmental selection is a critical factor in shaping the ecosystem, particularly in terms of plant-driven recruitment from the available edaphic pool. A higher rhizosphere microbial richness during early succession compared to late succession can be explained by the occurrence of cold-acclimated bacteria recruited from the surrounding soils. These taxa might be sensitive to changing habitat conditions that occurred at the later stages. A stronger influence of the plant host on the rhizosphere microbiome assembly was observed with increased time since deglaciation. Overall, this study indicated that well-adapted, ubiquitous microbes potentially support pioneer plants to colonize new ecosystems, while plant-specific microbes may be associated with the long-term establishment of their hosts.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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