The Association Between Self-Reported Hearing Loss and Loss of Usual Source of Health Care Among Older Medicare Beneficiaries: Evidence From the National Health and Aging Trends Study

Abstract

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe purpose of the study is to investigate the association of hearing loss (HL) with maintaining a usual source of care (USOC).Research Design and MethodsIn this study we implemented a time-to-event analysis using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a nationally representative study of older Medicare beneficiaries in the United States. The study sample included 2 114 older adults, aged 65+ years, 58.9% female, 20.4% Black, who reported having a USOC during the baseline round of NHATS and who remained community-dwelling during the 2011–2018 study period. Based on self-report measures at baseline, individuals’ hearing status was classified into 3 categories: no HL, treated HL (hearing aids users), and untreated HL (nonhearing aid users who reported having hearing difficulties). Time-to-event was computed as the time elapsed between baseline and the study round in which the respondent first reported no longer having a USOC. Discrete-time proportional hazard models were estimated.ResultsIn fully adjusted models, untreated HL at baseline was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) for losing one’s USOC 1.60 (95% confidence interval: 1.01, 2.56) times higher than that of participants with no HL. We found no HR differences between the treated- and no-HL group.Discussion and ImplicationsUntreated HL at baseline was associated with a higher probability of losing one’s USOC over time. Noninvasive interventions such as hearing aids may be beneficial for maintaining a USOC.