Innovative Models for High-Risk Patients Use Care Coordination and Palliative Supports to Reduce End-of-life Utilization and Spending

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Care coordination and palliative care supports are associated with reduced anxiety, fewer hospital admissions, and improved quality of life for patients and their families. Early palliative care can result in savings in the end-of-life period, but there is limited evidence that larger-scale models can improve both utilization and the cost of care. Three models that received Health Care Innovation Awards from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services aimed to improve quality of care and reduce cost through the use of innovative care coordination models. This study explores the total cost of care and selected utilization outcomes at the end-of-life for these innovative models, each of which enrolled adults with multiple chronic conditions and featured care coordination with advance care planning as a component of palliative care. These included a comprehensive at-home supportive care model for persons predicted to die within a year and two models offering advance care planning in nursing facilities and during care transitions. Research Design and Methods We used regression models to assess model impacts on costs and utilization for high-risk Medicare beneficiaries participating in the comprehensive supportive care model (N = 3,339) and the two care transition models (N = 587 and N = 277) who died during the study period (2013–2016), relative to a set of matched comparison patients. Results Comparing participants in each model who died during the study period to matched comparators, two of the three models were associated with significantly lower costs in the last 90 days of life ($2,122 and $4,606 per person), and the third model showed nonsignificant differences. Two of the three models encouraged early hospice entry in the last 30 days of life. For the comprehensive at-home supportive care model, we observed aggregate savings of nearly $19 million over the study period. One care transition model showed aggregate savings of over $500,000 during the same period. Potential drivers of these cost savings include improved patient safety, timeliness of care, and caregiver support. Discussion and Implications Two of the three models achieved significant lower Medicare costs than a comparison group and the same two models also sustained their models beyond the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services award period. These findings show promise for achieving palliative care goals as part of care coordination innovation.