1. Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol , 39 Whatley Road , Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
2. Centre for Evaluation and Methods, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , Yvonne Carter Building, 58 Turner Street , London E1 2AB, UK
3. Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University , 130 Dongan Road , Shanghai 200243, China