What clindamycin dose should be administered by continuous infusion during combination therapy with rifampicin? A prospective population pharmacokinetics study

Abstract

Abstract Background Despite its important drug–drug interaction, combined clindamycin/rifampicin therapy may achieve effective plasma clindamycin concentrations, provided clindamycin is administered by continuous infusion. However, the precise clindamycin dose remains unknown. Objectives This study was undertaken to determine the daily clindamycin dose to be administered by continuous infusion in combination with rifampicin to achieve effective plasma clindamycin concentrations. Patients and methods Two plasma clindamycin concentrations were determined prospectively for 124 patients with bone-and-joint infections treated with continuously infused clindamycin. Twenty patients received clindamycin monotherapy, 19 clindamycin combined with rifampicin and 85 received clindamycin successively without and with rifampicin. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using NONMEM 7.5. Monte Carlo simulations were run to determine which regimens obtained clindamycin concentrations of at least 3 mg/L. Results A linear one-compartment model with first-order elimination accurately described the data. Clindamycin distribution volume was not estimated. Mean clindamycin clearances with rifampicin and without, respectively, were 33.6 and 10.9 L/h, with 12.8% interindividual variability. The lowest daily clindamycin dose achieving plasma concentrations of at least 3 mg/L in >90% of the patients, when combined with rifampicin, was 4200 mg/24 h. Conclusions Our results support continuous infusion of 4200 mg of clindamycin/24 h, in combination with rifampicin. This high-dose regimen requires therapeutic drug monitoring-guided dose adaptation.