The future of fungi: threats and opportunities

Author:

Case Nicola T1ORCID,Berman Judith2ORCID,Blehert David S3ORCID,Cramer Robert A4ORCID,Cuomo Christina5ORCID,Currie Cameron R6ORCID,Ene Iuliana V7ORCID,Fisher Matthew C8ORCID,Fritz-Laylin Lillian K9ORCID,Gerstein Aleeza C10ORCID,Glass N Louise11ORCID,Gow Neil A R12ORCID,Gurr Sarah J12ORCID,Hittinger Chris Todd13ORCID,Hohl Tobias M14ORCID,Iliev Iliyan D15ORCID,James Timothy Y16ORCID,Jin Hailing17ORCID,Klein Bruce S181920ORCID,Kronstad James W21ORCID,Lorch Jeffrey M3ORCID,McGovern Victoria22ORCID,Mitchell Aaron P23ORCID,Segre Julia A24ORCID,Shapiro Rebecca S25ORCID,Sheppard Donald C26ORCID,Sil Anita27ORCID,Stajich Jason E17ORCID,Stukenbrock Eva E2829ORCID,Taylor John W30ORCID,Thompson Dawn31ORCID,Wright Gerard D32ORCID,Heitman Joseph33ORCID,Cowen Leah E1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada

2. Shmunis School of Biomedical and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel

3. U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center , Madison, WI 53711, USA

4. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, NH 03755, USA

5. Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge, MA 02142, USA

6. Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USA

7. Department of Mycology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris , Paris 75015, France

8. MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College , London W2 1PG, UK

9. Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, MA 01003, USA

10. Department of Microbiology and Department of Statistics, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada

11. Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

12. Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter , Exeter EX4 4QD, UK

13. Laboratory of Genetics, Center for Genomic Science Innovation, J.F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI 53726, USA

14. Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute , New York, NY 10065, USA

15. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, NY 10065, USA

16. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

17. Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California—Riverside , Riverside, CA 92507, USA

18. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USA

19. Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USA

20. Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USA

21. Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada

22. Burroughs Wellcome Fund , Durham, NC 13901, USA

23. Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia , Athens, GA 30602, USA

24. Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892, USA

25. Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph , Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada

26. McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunology, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University , Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada

27. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, CA 94117, USA

28. Max Planck Fellow Group Environmental Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology , Plön 24306, Germany

29. Environmental Genomics, Christian-Albrechts University , Kiel 24118, Germany

30. Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California—Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

31. LifeMine Therapeutics , Cambridge, MA 02140, USA

32. M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada

33. Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Medicine, and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC 27710, USA

Abstract

Abstract The fungal kingdom represents an extraordinary diversity of organisms with profound impacts across animal, plant, and ecosystem health. Fungi simultaneously support life, by forming beneficial symbioses with plants and producing life-saving medicines, and bring death, by causing devastating diseases in humans, plants, and animals. With climate change, increased antimicrobial resistance, global trade, environmental degradation, and novel viruses altering the impact of fungi on health and disease, developing new approaches is now more crucial than ever to combat the threats posed by fungi and to harness their extraordinary potential for applications in human health, food supply, and environmental remediation. To address this aim, the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) and the Burroughs Wellcome Fund convened a workshop to unite leading experts on fungal biology from academia and industry to strategize innovative solutions to global challenges and fungal threats. This report provides recommendations to accelerate fungal research and highlights the major research advances and ideas discussed at the meeting pertaining to 5 major topics: (1) Connections between fungi and climate change and ways to avert climate catastrophe; (2) Fungal threats to humans and ways to mitigate them; (3) Fungal threats to agriculture and food security and approaches to ensure a robust global food supply; (4) Fungal threats to animals and approaches to avoid species collapse and extinction; and (5) Opportunities presented by the fungal kingdom, including novel medicines and enzymes.

Funder

CIHR Foundation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Genetics (clinical),Genetics,Molecular Biology

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