Evolution of the canonical sex chromosomes of the guppy and its relatives

Author:

Kirkpatrick Mark1ORCID,Sardell Jason M1ORCID,Pinto Brendan J12ORCID,Dixon Groves1,Peichel Catherine L3ORCID,Schartl Manfred45ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA

2. Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA

3. Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland

4. Developmental Biochemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg97074, Germany

5. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA

Abstract

Abstract The sex chromosomes of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata, and its close relatives are of particular interest: they are much younger than the highly degenerate sex chromosomes of model systems such as humans and Drosophila melanogaster, and they carry many of the genes responsible for the males’ dramatic coloration. Over the last decade, several studies have analyzed these sex chromosomes using a variety of approaches including sequencing genomes and transcriptomes, cytology, and linkage mapping. Conflicting conclusions have emerged, in particular concerning the history of the sex chromosomes and the evolution of suppressed recombination between the X and Y. Here, we address these controversies by reviewing the evidence and reanalyzing data. We find no evidence of a nonrecombining sex-determining region or evolutionary strata in P. reticulata. Furthermore, we find that the data most strongly support the hypothesis that the sex-determining regions of 2 close relatives of the guppy, Poecilia wingei and Micropoecilia picta, evolved independently after their lineages diverged. We identify possible causes of conflicting results in previous studies and suggest best practices going forward.

Funder

National Institute of General Medical Sciences

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Genetics (clinical),Genetics,Molecular Biology

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