This chapter covers the state of the art in theory and evidence on the relationship between gender, gender equality, and corruption. Starting with the theoretical assumptions that link individuals’ gender to the likelihood to engage in corruption, the chapter covers the four mechanisms proposed throughout the literature for expecting women to engage less: gender role socialization, power marginalization, the greater importance of an effective state for women’s self-determination, and the tendency to hold women to higher standards. From here, the chapter reviews additional societal-level theories on gender equality and corruption: 1) theory assuming that gender equality lowers corruption by empowering women, promoting women’s interests and generating norms of impartiality; and, 2) theory assuming that lower corruption increases gender equality. The chapter then reviews the evidence in support of the various theories and concludes with a critical assessment that identifies gaps and suggests future research.