Most climate models predict more rain in the future in the Sahel, but with more concentrated rainfall. Since the droughts of the 1980s, rains have increased, which has led to a regreening of the entire region. There is, however, a dominant narrative postulating that climate change will lead to drier conditions and desertification in the Sahel, which again will lead to resource scarcity, widespread migration, and more conflicts. This chapter critically investigates this narrative based on a review of international research. It considers conflict between farmers and herders, between the state and armed groups, in addition to jihadi violence that has increased in region in recent years. It concludes that the droughts in the 1980s only played a minor role in explaining conflicts, while the root causes were political and historical. State policies tend to lead to the marginalization of pastoralists. In areas where pastoralism and farming overlap as the main forms of land use, there are continuous conflicts of varying scale and intensity. These conflicts are primarily caused by politics, not climate change.