The Politics of Resistance to Land Alienation

Author:

Adnan Shapan1

Affiliation:

1. Geography and Environment, London School of Economics

Abstract

Abstract This chapter puts forward an alternative framing of the politics of resistance to land alienation. It distinguishes land alienation from land control and land concentration, defining it as the separation or expulsion of the preexisting holders from their lands by force or voluntary/market transactions. Resistance from below to prevent and stop such processes, or to recover previously alienated lands, constitutestruggles against expulsion. Differences between overt-covert, violent-nonviolent, and intermediate forms of resistance are noted and the conditions of transformation between them are explored. When the winners and losers from land alienation are differentiated by ethnic, racial, religious, or other identity-based traits, contestations involving the biopolitics of discrimination and othering may be activated. Differences between resistance to land alienation mediating primitive accumulation or accumulation by dispossession (ABD), and capitalist accumulation, are pointed out. Dynamic interactions between the politics of land alienation and resistance can lead to flexibility, adaptive change, or innovation in their respective strategies. Dramatic reversals in state policies of acquiring land can be brought about when their legitimacy is questioned by politically committed strategies of resistance. Active struggles against land alienation can be undermined by strategies combining coercion and persuasion, while innovative counterstrategies can pre-empt the very possibility of potential resistance.

Publisher

Oxford University Press

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