Poverty is a pressing and persistent problem. While its extent varies across countries, its presence always represents the diminution of human capacity. Therefore, it seems natural to want to do something about it. Have countries made progress in mitigating poverty? How do we determine who is poor and who is not poor? What intuitions or theories guide the design of anti-poverty policy? Is overall labor market performance the key to keeping the poverty rate low? Or, does it matter how well-connected an individual is to those who know about the availability of jobs? Does being an immigrant increase the odds of being poor? Are there anti-poverty policies that work? For whom do they work? If I'm poor, will I have access to health care and housing? Am I more likely to be obese, polluted upon, incarcerated, un-banked, and without assets if I'm poor? Is poverty too hard a problem for economic analysis? These are some of the questions that a group of scholars have come together to confront in The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Poverty. The book is written in a style that encourages the reader to think critically about poverty. Theories are presented in a rigorous but not overly technical way; concise and straightforward empirical analyses enlighten key policy issues. The volume covers topics such as poverty in the twenty-first century; labor market factors; poverty policy; poverty dynamics; the dimensions of poverty; and trends and issues in anti-poverty policy. A goal of the book is to stimulate further research on poverty. To that end, several articles challenge conventional thinking about poverty and in some cases present specific proposals for the reform of economic and social policy.