Affiliation:
1. Greek history, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
Abstract
Abstract
Starting from the sixth century BCE, the migrations of Phoenicians and Greeks from the eastern Mediterranean disrupted the pre-eminence of Sardinia and Etruria in pre-Roman Italy’s exchange networks. Early exchanges between Sardinians, Etruscans, and these newcomers were robust, stimulating economic growth and development on all sides. Increasing competition for natural and human resources led to the formation of larger states and alliances between sovereign states. These alliances could include trade treaties, such as those between Carthage and Rome. In general, spheres of influence were delineated and enforced, sometimes with outright trade blockades. Furthermore, the nature of exchange substantially changed. This new paradigm remained intact until Rome conquered the Italian peninsula and its neighboring islands in the third century. This chapter describes the foundation upon which much of Rome’s later economic success was built.
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