Affiliation:
1. Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana
2. Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Vision complications and a stroke represent severe cranial ischaemic complications (sCIC) associated with increased morbidity and mortality in GCA. We aimed to determine the risk factors for sCIC in GCA.
Methods
We analysed the medical records of prospectively enrolled GCA patients diagnosed between September 2011 and August 2019, and compared the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with and without sCIC defined as either severe vision complications (diplopia, transient vision loss, permanent partial vision field/acuity defect and permanent visual loss) or stroke.
Results
During the 96-month observation period, we identified 295 new GCA patients [65.4% female, median (interquartile range) age 74.7 (67.3–80.0) years]. Sixty-one (20.7%) patients developed sCIC (52 isolated severe vision complications, 5 isolated ischaemic strokes and 4 patients with both complications). In a multivariable logistic regression model jaw claudication [odds ratio (OR) 3.43 (95% CI: 1.84, 6.42), P < 0.001], smoking [OR 1.92 (95% CI: 1.01, 3.65), P = 0.046] and increasing age [OR 1.08 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.13), P < 0.001] were significantly associated with sCIC. Higher CRP [OR 0.99 (0.99–1.00), P = 0.011] decreased the risk of sCIC. When considered separately, the odds for severe vision complications increased with age and jaw claudication, and decreased with polymyalgia rheumatica, constitutional symptoms and higher CRP. Atrial fibrillation emerged as the sole independent predictor of ischaemic stroke.
Conclusion
Increasing age, jaw claudication and smoking predicted sCIC, while higher CRP decreased the risk of sCIC in our GCA cohort.
Funder
Slovenian Research Agency
ARRS
National Research Programme
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Pharmacology (medical),Rheumatology
Cited by
21 articles.
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