1. Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, UK
2. Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol , Bristol, UK
3. Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, UK
4. Centre for Dermatology Research, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, National Institute for Health and Care Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre , Manchester, UK
5. Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Science, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , Manchester, UK