The Effect of 2 Different Dual-Task Balance Training Methods on Balance and Gait in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of integrated and consecutive cognitive dual-task balance training in older adults on balance, fear of falling, and gait performance. Methods Fifty-eight subjects (age > 65 years) were randomly assigned to an integrated dual-task training group (IDTT) (n = 29) and consecutive dual-task training group (CDTT) (n = 29). Balance exercises and cognitive tasks were performed simultaneously by the IDTT group and consecutively by the CDTT group for 8 weeks. Balance was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) as a primary outcome measure and the Timed “Up & Go” Test (TUG) (standard-cognitive), fear of falling was assessed using the Tinetti Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), and gait speed was assessed using the 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) (under single-task and dual-task conditions). All tests were performed before and after the training. Results There was no difference in group-time interaction in the BBS, TUG-ST, 10MWT-ST, and 10MWT-DT tests. Group-time interaction was different in the TUG-Cog and FES scores. Also, the effect of time was significantly different in all scales except for the 10MWT-ST in both groups. Conclusion At the end of the 8 week training period, the impact of integrated and consecutive dual-task balance training on balance and gait performance in older adults was not statistically significantly different. This study suggests that consecutive dual-task balance training can be used as an alternative method to increase balance performance and gait speed in older adults who cannot perform integrated dual-task activities. Impact There were no significant differences between the effects of the 2 dual-task training methods on balance and gait speed. Suggesting that the consecutive dual-task balance training method can be used to improve the balance and gait of older adults. Consecutive dual-task training can be performed safely and considered as an alternative method for use in many rehabilitation training programs with older adults who cannot perform simultaneous activities.