Inflammation and Blood-Brain Barrier in Depression: Interaction of CLDN5 and IL6 Gene Variants in Stress-Induced Depression

Author:

Gal Zsofia12ORCID,Torok Dora12,Gonda Xenia23,Eszlari Nora12,Anderson Ian Muir4,Deakin Bill4ORCID,Juhasz Gabriella12,Bagdy Gyorgy12,Petschner Peter256ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

2. NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

3. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

4. Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre , Manchester , United Kingdom

5. Bioinformatics Center, Institute of Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto , Japan

6. Research Unit for Realization of Sustainable Society, Kyoto University , Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto , Japan

Abstract

Abstract Background Evidence from rodents indicated that after recent stress, reduced expression of tight junction protein claudin-5 may weaken the blood-brain barrier and allow interleukin-6 to induce depressive symptoms. Our aims were to prove this pathomechanism in humans. Methods We used a large population genetic database (UK Biobank, n = 277 501) to test whether variation in the CLDN5 gene could modulate effects of the IL6 gene variant in stress-induced depression. Three-way interaction of functional polymorphisms, rs885985 of CLDN5, and rs1800795 of IL6 with recent stressful life events were tested on current depressive symptoms. Analyses were performed in male and female populations as well. Results The 3-way interaction including recent stress yielded highly significant results on current depressive symptoms in the UK Biobank sample, which was more pronounced in men and could be replicated on trend level in an independent cohort (NewMood, n = 1638). None of any other associations or interactions, including, for example, childhood stressors and lifetime depression as an outcome, yielded significance. Conclusions These findings provide genetic evidence in humans for the interaction among interleukin-6, claudin-5, and recent stress, suggesting that inflammation is involved in the development of depression and that stress-connected brain entry of inflammatory molecules is a key factor in this pathomechanism. These genetic polymorphisms may help to identify people at higher risk for recent stress-induced depression.

Funder

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Pharmacology (medical),Psychiatry and Mental health,Pharmacology

Reference47 articles.

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