1. School of Public Health, University of Bamako, 27568, Bamako, Mali
2. Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
3. Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine and Research, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
4. Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA