Parametrization of biological assumptions to simulate growth of tree branching architectures

Author:

Nauber Tristan1ORCID,Hodač Ladislav2ORCID,Wäldchen Jana23ORCID,Mäder Patrick134ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Data-intensive Systems and Visualization Group, Technische Universität Ilmenau , Ehrenbergstraße 29, Ilmenau 98693 , Germany

2. Department Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry , Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, Jena 07745 , Germany

3. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, iDiv (Halle-Jena-Leipzig) , Puschstraße 4, Leipzig 04103 , Germany

4. Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Fürstengraben 1, Jena 07737 , Germany

Abstract

Abstract Modeling and simulating the growth of the branching of tree species remains a challenge. With existing approaches, we can reconstruct or rebuild the branching architectures of real tree species, but the simulation of the growth process remains unresolved. First, we present a tree growth model to generate branching architectures that resemble real tree species. Secondly, we use a quantitative morphometric approach to infer the shape similarity of the generated simulations and real tree species. Within a functional–structural plant model, we implement a set of biological parameters that affect the branching architecture of trees. By modifying the parameter values, we aim to generate basic shapes of spruce, pine, oak and poplar. Tree shapes are compared using geometric morphometrics of landmarks that capture crown and stem outline shapes. Five biological parameters, namely xylem flow, shedding rate, proprioception, gravitysense and lightsense, most influenced the generated tree branching patterns. Adjusting these five parameters resulted in the different tree shapes of spruce, pine, oak, and poplar. The largest effect was attributed to gravity, as phenotypic responses to this effect resulted in different growth directions of gymnosperm and angiosperm branching architectures. Since we were able to obtain branching architectures that resemble real tree species by adjusting only a few biological parameters, our model is extendable to other tree species. Furthermore, the model will also allow the simulation of structural tree–environment interactions. Our simplifying approach to shape comparison between tree species, landmark geometric morphometrics, showed that even the crown–trunk outlines capture species differences based on their contrasting branching architectures.

Funder

German Ministry of Education and Research

German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection

Thuringian Ministry for Environment, Energy and Nature Conservation

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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