1. Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
2. Center for Learning Health System Sciences, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
3. Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
4. Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
5. Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
6. Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama, USA
7. Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas, USA
8. Department of Population & Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas, USA
9. Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas, USA
10. Clinical Informatics Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas, USA
11. School of Nursing, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee, USA
12. Frist Nursing Informatics Center, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee, USA
13. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee, USA
14. Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University , Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
15. Department of Population Health, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School , Austin, Texas, USA