Increased KRAS G12C Prevalence, High Tumor Mutational Burden, and Specific Mutational Signatures Are Associated With MUTYH Mutations: A Pan-Cancer Analysis

Abstract

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the pan-cancer landscape of MUTYH alterations and the relationship between MUTYH mutations and potentially actionable biomarkers such as specific genomic alterations, tumor mutational burden, and mutational signatures. We used a large pan-cancer comprehensive genomic dataset from patients profiled (tissue next generation sequencing) during routine clinical care. Overall, 2.8% of 229 120 solid tumors had MUTYH alterations, of which 55% were predicted germline. Thirty tumor types had a 2% or greater MUTYH mutation rate. MUTYH-altered versus -WT cancers had significantly higher tumor mutational burden and more frequent alterations in KRAS G12C, but not in KRAS in general; these observations were statistically significant, especially in colorectal cancers. Across cancers, PD-L1 expression levels (immunohistochemistry) were not associated with MUTYH alteration status. In silico computation demonstrated that MUTYH mutational signatures are associated with higher levels of hydrophobicity (which may reflect higher immunogenicity of neoantigens) relative to several other signature types such as microsatellite instability. Survival of patients with MUTYH-altered versus -WT tumors was similar. In conclusion, comprehensive genomic profiling suggests that several features of MUTYH-altered cancers may be pharmacologically targetable. Drugs such as sotorasib (targeting KRAS G12C) and immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeting the increased mutational load and higher neo-antigen hydrophobicity/immunogenicity merit investigation in MUTYH-mutated malignancies.