Evolution of Protease Inhibitor Resistance in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infected Patients Failing Protease Inhibitor Monotherapy as Second-line Therapy in Low-income Countries: An Observational Analysis Within the EARNEST Randomized Trial

Author:

Thompson Jennifer A12,Kityo Cissy3,Dunn David1,Hoppe Anne14,Ndashimye Emmanuel35,Hakim James6,Kambugu Andrew7,van Oosterhout Joep J89,Arribas Jose10,Mugyenyi Peter3,Walker A Sarah1,Paton Nicholas I111,Agweng E,Awio P,Bakeinyaga G,Isabirye C,Kabuga U,Kasuswa S,Katuramu M,Kityo C,Kiweewa F,Kyomugisha H,Lutalo E,Mugyenyi P,Mulima D,Musana H,Musitwa G,Musiime V,Ndigendawan M,Namata H,Nkalubo J,Labejja P Ocitti,Okello P,Olal P,Pimundu G,Segonga P,Ssali F,Tamale Z,Tumukunde D,Namala W,Byaruhanga R,Kayiwa J,Tukamushaba J,Abunyang S,Eram D,Denis O,Lwalanda R,Mugarura L,Namusanje J,Nankya I,Ndashimye E,Nabulime E,Mulima D,Senfuma O,Bihabwa G,Buluma E,Easterbrook P,Elbireer A,Kambugu A,Kamya D,Katwere M,Kiggundu R,Komujuni C,Laker E,Lubwama E,Mambule I,Matovu J,Nakajubi A,Nakku J,Nalumenya R,Namuyimbwa L,Semitala F,Wandera B,Wanyama J,Mugerwa H,Lugemwa A,Ninsiima E,Ssenkindu T,Mwebe S,Atwine L,William H,Katemba C,Abunyang S,Acaku M,Ssebutinde P,Kitizo H,Kukundakwe J,Naluguza M,Ssegawa K,Nsibuka F,Tuhirirwe P,Fortunate M,Acen J,Achidri J,Amone A,Chamai M,Ditai J,Kemigisa M,Kiconco M,Matama C,Mbanza D,Nambaziira F,Odoi M Owor,Rweyora A,Tumwebaze G,Kalanzi H,Katabaazi J,Kiyingi A,Mbidde M,Mugenyi M,Mwebaze R,Okong P,Senoga I,Abwola M,Baliruno D,Bwomezi J,Kasede A,Mudoola M,Namisi R,Ssennono F,Tuhirwe S,Abongomera G,Amone G,Abach J,Aciro I,Arach B,Kidega P,Omongin J,Ocung E,Odong W,Philliam A,Alima H,Ahimbisibwe B,Atuhaire E,Atukunda F,Bekusike G,Bulegyeya A,Kahatano D,Kamukama S,Kyoshabire J,Nassali A,Mbonye A,Naturinda T M,Nshabohurira A,Ntawiha H,Rogers A,Tibyasa M,Kiirya S,Atwongyeire D,Nankya A,Draleku C,Nakiboneka D,Odoch D,Lakidi L,Ruganda R,Abiriga R,Mulindwa M,Balmoi F,Kafuma S,Moriku E,Hakim J,Reid A,Chidziva E,Musoro G,Warambwa C,Tinago G,Mutsai S,Phiri M,Mudzingwa S,Bafana T,Masore V,Moyo C,Nhema R,Chitongo S,Heyderman Robert,Kabanga Lucky,Kaunda Symon,Kudzala Aubrey,Lifa Linly,Mallewa Jane,Moore Mike,Mtali Chrissie,Musowa George,Mwimaniwa Grace,Sikwese Rosemary,van Oosterhout Joep,Ziwoya Milton,Chimbaka H,Chitete B,Kamanga S,Kayinga T,Makwakwa E,Mbiya R,Mlenga M,Mphande T,Mtika C,Mushani G,Ndhlovu O,Ngonga M,Nkhana I,Nyirenda R,Cheruiyot P,Kwobah C,Ekiru W Lokitala,Mokaya M,Mudogo A,Nzioka A,Siika A,Tanui M,Wachira S,Wools-Kaloustian K,Alipalli P,Chikatula E,Kipaila J,Kunda I,Lakhi S,Malama J,Mufwambi W,Mulenga L,Mwaba P,Mwamba E,Mweemba A,Namfukwe M,Kerukadho E,Ngwatu B,Birungi J,Paton N,Boles J,Burke A,Castle L,Ghuman S,Kendall L,Hoppe A,Tebbs S,Thomason M,Thompson J,Walker S,Whittle J,Wilkes H,Young N,Kapuya C,Kyomuhendo F,Kyakundi D,Mkandawire N,Mulambo S,Senyonjo S,Angus B,Arenas-Pinto A,Palfreeman A,Post F,Ishola D,Arribas J,Colebunders R,Floridia M,Giuliano M,Mallon P,Walsh P,De Rosa M,Rinaldi E,Weller I,Gilks C,Hakim J,Kangewende A,Lakhi S,Luyirika E,Miiro F,Mwamba P,Mugyenyi P,Ojoo S,Paton N,Phiri S,van Oosterhout J,Siika A,Walker S,Wapakabulo A,Peto T,French N,Matenga J,Cloherty G,van Wyk J,Norton M,Lehrman S,Lamba P,Malik K,Rooney J,Snowden W,Villacian J,

Affiliation:

1. Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London, United Kingdom

2. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom

3. Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda

4. Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, United Kingdom

5. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

6. University of Zimbabwe Clinical Research Centre, Harare, Zimbabwe

7. Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda

8. Department of Medicine, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi

9. Dignitas International, Zomba, Malawi

10. IdiPAZ, La Paz Hospital, Madrid, Spain

11. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore

Funder

Medical Research Council

European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership

Institito de Salud Carlos III

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Infectious Diseases,Microbiology (medical)

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