Mechanisms of Feature Selectivity and Invariance in Primary Visual Cortex

Author:

Almasi Ali1ORCID,Meffin Hamish12,Cloherty Shaun L3ORCID,Wong Yan4,Yunzab Molis1,Ibbotson Michael R15

Affiliation:

1. National Vision Research Institute, Australian College of Optometry, Carlton VIC 3053, Australia

2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia

3. School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC 3001, Australia

4. Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia

5. Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia

Abstract

Abstract Visual object identification requires both selectivity for specific visual features that are important to the object’s identity and invariance to feature manipulations. For example, a hand can be shifted in position, rotated, or contracted but still be recognized as a hand. How are the competing requirements of selectivity and invariance built into the early stages of visual processing? Typically, cells in the primary visual cortex are classified as either simple or complex. They both show selectivity for edge-orientation but complex cells develop invariance to edge position within the receptive field (spatial phase). Using a data-driven model that extracts the spatial structures and nonlinearities associated with neuronal computation, we quantitatively describe the balance between selectivity and invariance in complex cells. Phase invariance is frequently partial, while invariance to orientation and spatial frequency are more extensive than expected. The invariance arises due to two independent factors: (1) the structure and number of filters and (2) the form of nonlinearities that act upon the filter outputs. Both vary more than previously considered, so primary visual cortex forms an elaborate set of generic feature sensitivities, providing the foundation for more sophisticated object processing.

Funder

Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function

National Health and Medical Research Council

Lions Club of Victoria

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience,Cognitive Neuroscience

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