Movement-Related Gamma Synchrony Differentially Predicts Behavior in the Presence of Visual Interference Across the Lifespan

Abstract

Abstract The ability to allocate neural resources to task-relevant stimuli, while inhibiting distracting information in the surrounding environment (i.e., selective attention) is critical for high-level cognitive function, and declines in this ability have been linked to functional deficits in later life. Studies of age-related declines in selective attention have focused on frontal circuitry, with almost no work evaluating the contribution of motor cortical dynamics to successful task performance. Herein, we examined 69 healthy adults (23–72 years old) who completed a flanker task during magnetoencephalography (MEG). MEG data were imaged in the time-frequency domain using a beamformer to evaluate the contribution of motor cortical dynamics to age-related increases in behavioral interference effects. Our results showed that gamma oscillations in the contralateral motor cortex (M1) were a robust predictor of reaction time, regardless of interference level. Additionally, we observed condition-wise differences in gamma-by-age interactions, such that in younger adults, increases in M1 gamma power were predictive of faster reaction times during incongruent trials, while older adults did not receive this same behavioral benefit. Importantly, these data indicate that M1 gamma oscillations are differentially predictive of behavior in the presence, but not absence of visual interference, resulting in exhausted compensatory strategies with age.