Sex-based differences in fairness norm compliance and neural circuitry

Author:

Chen Wanting12,Xiao Zhibing12ORCID,Turel Ofir3,Zhang Shuyue45,He Qinghua1267ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Psychology , MOE Key Lab of Cognition and Personality, , 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715 , China

2. Southwest University , MOE Key Lab of Cognition and Personality, , 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715 , China

3. School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne , Grattan Street, Parkville VIC 3010 , Australia

4. Department of Psychology , Faculty of Education, , 15 Yucai Road, Qixing District, Guilin 541004 , China

5. Guangxi Normal University , Faculty of Education, , 15 Yucai Road, Qixing District, Guilin 541004 , China

6. Sichuan Key Laboratory of Psychology and Behavior of Discipline Inspection and Supervision (Sichuan Normal University) , 1 Chenglong Road, First Section of South First Ring Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610066 , China

7. Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University , 2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715 , China

Abstract

Abstract Human behavior often aligns with fairness norms, either voluntarily or under external pressure, like sanctions. Prior research has identified distinct neural activation patterns associated with voluntary and sanction-based compliance or non-compliance with fairness norms. However, an investigation gap exists into potential neural connectivity patterns and sex-based differences. To address this, we conducted a study using a monetary allocation game and functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine how neural activity and connectivity differ between sexes across three norm compliance conditions: voluntary, sanction-based, and voluntary post-sanctions. Fifty-five adults (27 females) participated, revealing that punishment influenced decisions, leading to strategic calculations and reduced generosity in voluntary compliance post-sanctions. Moreover, there were sex-based differences in neural activation and connectivity across the different compliance conditions. Specifically, the connectivity between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right dorsal anterior insular appeared to mediate intuitive preferences, with variations across norm compliance conditions and sexes. These findings imply potential sex-based differences in intuitive motivation for diverse norm compliance conditions. Our insights contribute to a better understanding of the neural pathways involved in fairness norm compliance and clarify sex-based differences, offering implications for future investigations into psychiatric and neurological disorders characterized by atypical socialization and mentalizing.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Project of Sichuan Key Laboratory of Psychology and Behavior of Discipline Inspection and Supervision in 2023

Innovation Research 2035 Pilot Plan of Southwest University

High-end Foreign Expert Introduction Program

Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

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