Abnormalities of Cortical Sources of Resting State Alpha Electroencephalographic Rhythms are Related to Education Attainment in Cognitively Unimpaired Seniors and Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and Amnesic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Author:

Babiloni Claudio12,Ferri Raffaele3,Noce Giuseppe4,Lizio Roberta4,Lopez Susanna5,Lorenzo Ivan3,Panzavolta Andrea1,Soricelli Andrea46,Nobili Flavio78,Arnaldi Dario78,Famà Francesco8,Orzi Francesco9,Buttinelli Carla9,Giubilei Franco9,Cipollini Virginia9,Marizzoni Moira10,Güntekin Bahar1112,Aktürk Tuba12,Hanoğlu Lutfu13,Yener Görsev1415,Özbek Yağmur15,Stocchi Fabrizio16,Vacca Laura16,Frisoni Giovanni B1017,Del Percio Claudio1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

2. San Raffaele of Cassino, Cassino, Italy

3. Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, Troina, Italy

4. IRCCS SDN, Napoli, Italy

5. Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy

6. Department of Motor Sciences and Healthiness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy

7. Clinica Neurologica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy

8. Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Oftalmologia, Genetica, Riabilitazione e Scienze Materno-infantili (DiNOGMI), Università di Genova, Italy

9. Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

10. Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy

11. Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey

12. REMER, Clinical Electrophysiology, Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation Lab., Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey

13. Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey

14. Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir, Turkey

15. Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey

16. Institute for Research and Medical Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy

17. Memory Clinic and LANVIE—Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

Abstract

Abstract In normal old (Nold) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) persons, a high cognitive reserve (CR) makes them more resistant and resilient to brain neuropathology and neurodegeneration. Here, we tested whether these effects may affect neurophysiological oscillatory mechanisms generating dominant resting state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) alpha rhythms in Nold and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD (ADMCI). Data in 60 Nold and 70 ADMCI participants, stratified in higher (Edu+) and lower (Edu–) educational attainment subgroups, were available in an Italian–Turkish archive. The subgroups were matched for age, gender, and education. RsEEG cortical sources were estimated by eLORETA freeware. As compared to the Nold-Edu– subgroup, the Nold-Edu+ subgroup showed greater alpha source activations topographically widespread. On the contrary, in relation to the ADMCI-Edu– subgroup, the ADMCI-Edu+ subgroup displayed lower alpha source activations topographically widespread. Furthermore, the 2 ADMCI subgroups had matched cerebrospinal AD diagnostic biomarkers, brain gray–white matter measures, and neuropsychological scores. The current findings suggest that a high CR may be related to changes in rsEEG alpha rhythms in Nold and ADMCI persons. These changes may underlie neuroprotective effects in Nold seniors and subtend functional compensatory mechanisms unrelated to brain structure alterations in ADMCI patients.

Funder

Italian Ministry of Health

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience,Cognitive Neuroscience

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