Assessing the effect of interaction between lifestyle and longitudinal changes in brain structure on sleep phenotypes

Abstract

Abstract Longitudinal changes in brain structure and lifestyle can affect sleep phenotypes. However, the influence of the interaction between longitudinal changes in brain structure and lifestyle on sleep phenotypes remains unclear. Genome-wide association study dataset of longitudinal changes in brain structure was obtained from published study. Phenotypic data of lifestyles and sleep phenotypes were obtained from UK Biobank cohort. Using genotype data from UK Biobank, we calculated polygenetic risk scores of longitudinal changes in brain structure phenotypes. Linear/logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate interactions between longitudinal changes in brain structure and lifestyles on sleep duration, chronotype, insomnia, snoring and daytime dozing. Multiple lifestyle × longitudinal changes in brain structure interactions were detected for 5 sleep phenotypes, such as physical activity×caudate_age2 for daytime dozing (OR = 1.0389, P = 8.84 × 10−3) in total samples, coffee intake×cerebellar white matter volume_age2 for daytime dozing (OR = 0.9652, P = 1.13 × 10−4) in females. Besides, we found 4 overlapping interactions in different sleep phenotypes. We conducted sex stratification analysis and identified one overlapping interaction between female and male. Our results support the moderate effects of interaction between lifestyle and longitudinal changes in brain structure on sleep phenotypes, and deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of sleep disorders.