Probiotic Supplementation Improves Cognitive Function and Mood with Changes in Gut Microbiota in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial

Author:

Kim Chong-Su1,Cha Lina1,Sim Minju1,Jung Sungwoong2,Chun Woo Young3,Baik Hyun Wook4,Shin Dong-Mi15

Affiliation:

1. Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea

2. Seoul W Internal Medicine Clinic, Republic of Korea

3. Department of Psychology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

4. Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Bundang Jesaeng Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea

5. Research Institution of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea

Abstract

Abstract Probiotics have been proposed to ameliorate cognitive impairment and depressive disorder via the gut–brain axis in patients and experimental animal models. However, the beneficial role of probiotics in brain functions of healthy older adults remains unclear. Therefore, a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled multicenter trial was conducted to determine the effects of probiotics on cognition and mood in community-dwelling older adults. Sixty-three healthy elders (≥65 years) consumed either placebo or probiotics containing Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 and Bifidobacterium longum BORI for 12 weeks. The gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics. Brain functions were measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease, Satisfaction with life scale, stress questionnaire, Geriatric depression scale, and Positive affect and negative affect schedule. Blood brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Relative abundance of inflammation-causing gut bacteria was significantly reduced at Week 12 in the probiotics group (p < .05). The probiotics group showed greater improvement in mental flexibility test and stress score than the placebo group (p < .05). Contrary to placebo, probiotics significantly increased serum BDNF level (p < .05). Notably, the gut microbes significantly shifted by probiotics (Eubacterium and Clostridiales) showed significant negative correlation with serum BDNF level only in the probiotics group (RS = −0.37, RS = −0.39, p < .05). In conclusion, probiotics promote mental flexibility and alleviate stress in healthy older adults, along with causing changes in gut microbiota. These results provide evidence supporting health-promoting properties of probiotics as a part of healthy diet in the older adults.

Funder

National Research Foundation of Korea

Promoting Regional specialized Industry

Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy

Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Geriatrics and Gerontology,Aging

Reference50 articles.

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