Effect of High-Intensity Power Training on Cognitive Function in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Secondary Outcomes of the GREAT2DO Study

Author:

Zhao Ren Ru12ORCID,Mavros Yorgi1ORCID,Meiklejohn Jacinda1,Anderberg Kylie A1,Singh Nalin1,Kay Shelley3,Baker Michael K45,Wang Yi6,Climstein Mike7,O’Sullivan Anthony8,De Vos Nathan9,Baune Bernhard T1011,Blair Steven N12,Simar David13,Fiatarone Singh Maria A114

Affiliation:

1. Exercise Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney , Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales , Australia

2. Clinical Rehabilitation Centre, Faculty of Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Longyan, Longyan, Fujian , China

3. Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence Based Decision Making, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney , Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales , Australia

4. Research Ethics and Integrity, Australian Catholic University , Strathfield, New South Wales , Australia

5. Clinical Exercise Physiology, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University , Strathfield, New South Wales , Australia

6. Lipid Metabolism and Cardiometabolic Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia

7. School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University , Gold Coast, Queensland , Australia

8. Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia

9. The Centre for STRONG Medicine, Balmain Hospital , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia

10. Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia

11. The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia

12. Exercise Science Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina , USA

13. School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia

14. Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney , Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales , Australia

Abstract

Abstract We sought to determine the effects of 12 months of power training on cognition, and whether improvements in body composition, muscle strength, and/or aerobic capacity (VO2peak) were associated with improvements in cognition in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Participants with T2D were randomized to power training or low-intensity sham exercise control condition, 3 days per week for 12 months. Cognitive outcomes included memory, attention/speed, executive function, and global cognition. Other relevant outcomes included VO2peak, strength, and whole body and regional body composition. One hundred and three adults with T2D (mean age 67.9 years; standard deviation [SD] 5.9; 50.5% women) were enrolled and analyzed. Unexpectedly, there was a nearly significant improvement in global cognition (p = .05) in the sham group relative to power training, although both groups improved over time (p < .01). There were significant interactions between group allocation and body composition or muscle strength in the models predicting cognitive changes. Therefore, after stratifying by group allocation, improvements in immediate memory were associated with increases in relative skeletal muscle mass (r = 0.38, p = .03), reductions in relative body fat (r = −0.40, p = .02), and increases in knee extension strength were directly related to changes in executive function (r = −0.41, p = .02) within the power training group. None of these relationships were present in the sham group (p > .05). Although power training did not significantly improve cognition compared to low-intensity exercise control, improvements in cognitive function in older adults were associated with hypothesized improvements in body composition and strength after power training.

Funder

National Health and Medical Research Council

Australian Diabetes Society and Diabetes Australia

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Geriatrics and Gerontology,Aging

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