Predicting Slow Walking Speed From a Pooled Cohort Analysis: Sarcopenia Definitions, Agreement, and Prevalence in Australia and New Zealand

Author:

Zanker Jesse12ORCID,Scott David34ORCID,Szoeke Cassandra5,Vogrin Sara12,Patel Sheena6,Blackwell Terri6ORCID,Bird Stefanie13,Kirk Ben12ORCID,Center Jacqueline78,Alajlouni Dima A78,Gill Tiffany9ORCID,Jones Graeme10ORCID,Pasco Julie A211,Waters Debra L1213,Cawthon Peggy M614ORCID,Duque Gustavo115ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health , St. Albans, Victoria , Australia

2. Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne , St. Albans, Victoria , Australia

3. Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University , Burwood, Victoria , Australia

4. Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria , Australia

5. Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Victoria , Australia

6. Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center , San Francisco, California , USA

7. Skeletal Diseases Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia

8. Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia

9. Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia , Australia

10. Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania , Australia

11. IMPACT-Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Barwon HealthDeakin University , Geelong, Victoria , Australia

12. Department of Medicine, School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand

13. Department of Internal Medicine/Geriatrics, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico , USA

14. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California , San Francisco, California , USA

15. Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec , Canada

Abstract

Abstract Background Recent operational definitions of sarcopenia have not been replicated and compared in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) populations. We aimed to identify sarcopenia measures that discriminate ANZ adults with slow walking speed (<0.8 m/s) and determine the agreement between the Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) and revised European Working Group for Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) operational definitions of sarcopenia. Methods Eight studies comprising 8 100 ANZ community-dwelling adults (mean age ± standard deviation, 62.0 ± 14.4 years) with walking speed, grip strength (GR), and lean mass data were combined. Replicating the SDOC methodology, 15 candidate variables were included in sex-stratified classification and regression tree models and receiver operating characteristic curves on a pooled cohort with complete data to identify variables and cut points discriminating slow walking speed (<0.8 m/s). Agreement and prevalence estimates were compared using Cohen’s Kappa (CK). Results Receiver operating characteristic curves identified GR as the strongest variable for discriminating slow from normal walking speed in women (GR <20.50 kg, area under curve [AUC] = 0.68) and men (GR <31.05 kg, AUC = 0.64). Near-perfect agreement was found between the derived ANZ cut points and SDOC cut points (CK 0.8–1.0). Sarcopenia prevalence ranged from 1.5% (EWGSOP2) to 37.2% (SDOC) in women and 1.0% (EWGSOP2) to 9.1% (SDOC) in men, with no agreement (CK <0.2) between EWGSOP2 and SDOC. Conclusions Grip strength is the primary discriminating characteristic for slow walking speed in ANZ women and men, consistent with findings from the SDOC. Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium and EWGSOP2 definitions showed no agreement suggesting these proposed definitions measure different characteristics and identify people with sarcopenia differently.

Funder

Australian National Health and Medical Research Council

Australian Medical Research Future

NHMRC

MRFF

Deakin University

Amgen

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Geriatrics and Gerontology,Aging

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5. The Australian and New Zealand Society for Sarcopenia and Frailty Research (ANZSSFR) sarcopenia diagnosis and management task force: findings from the consumer expert Delphi process;Zanker;Australas J Ageing,2023

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